Immune System 4th Edition By Parham – Test Bank

Description

Immune System 4th Edition By Parham – Test Bank

THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, FOURTH EDITION

CHAPTER 2: INNATE IMMUNITY: THE IMMEDIATE RESPONSE TO INFECTION

© 2015 Garland Science

2–1 Soluble effector molecules are effective when encountering pathogens in/on _____. (Select all that apply.)

a. extracellular spaces

b. cytoplasm

c. epithelial surfaces

d. interstitial spaces

e. vesicular compartments

f. lymph.

2–2 Which of the three complement pathways becomes activated soonest after an initial infection?

a. the classical pathway

b. the lectin pathway

c. the alternative pathway.

2–3 Identify the incorrectly paired molecular association.

a. iC3: factor B

b. CR4: iC3b

c. properdin: C3bBb

d. membrane cofactor protein: C3b₂Bb

e. decay-accelerating factor: C3bBb.

2–4 All of the following complement proteins help form a pore in the pathogen’s membrane except _____.

a. C3b

b. C5b

c. C6

d. C7

e. C8

f. C9.

2–5 The importance of CD59 (also known as protectin) is to _____.

a. promote the speed of complement activation by protecting C3 convertase C3bBb from proteolytic degradation

b. prevent the recruitment of C9

c. dissociate the components of the alternative C3 convertase

d. prevent the attachment of C3b to host cell surfaces

e. inhibit the anchoring of C5b, C6, and C7 to host cell surfaces.

2–6 _____ are soluble complement fragments that mediate localized and systemic inflammatory responses.

a. crypts

b. defensins

c. anaphylatoxins

d. selectins

e. C-reactive proteins.

2–7 All of the following statements are correct regarding \alpha₂-macroglobulin except _____.

a. it binds covalently to its target via a thioester bond

b. it possesses a bait region to lure its target

c. it undergoes a conformational change that enables it to enshroud the target

d. when bound to its target it is cleared from the circulation by hepatocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages bearing receptors specific for the complex

e. its target is the membrane-attack complex on human cells.

2–8 Although activation of the three different pathways of complement involves different components, the three pathways converge on a common enzymatic reaction referred to as complement fixation.

A. Describe this reaction.

B. Describe the enzyme responsible for this reaction in the alternative pathway.

C. Identify the three effector mechanisms of complement that are enabled by this common pathway.

2–9 Which of the following is the soluble form of C3 convertase of the alternative pathway of complement activation?

a. iC3

b. iC3b

c. C3b

d. iC3Bb

e. C3bBb.

2–10 Explain the steps that take place when a bacterium is opsonized via C3b:CR1 interaction between the bacterium and a resident macrophage in tissues.

2–11 In the early stages of the alternative pathway of complement activation there are complement control proteins that are soluble (factors H and I) and associated with the cell surface (DAF and MCP). Identify the (i) soluble and (ii) cell surface-associated complement control proteins that operate in the terminal stages of the alternative pathway of complement activation, and describe their activities.

2–12

A. Review the differences between the three pathways of complement (alternative, lectin, and classical) in terms of how they are activated.

B. Distinguish which pathway(s) are considered part of an adaptive immune response and which are considered part of innate immunity, and say why.

Test Bank