Test Bank For Parenting A Dynamic Perspective 2nd Edition By George W. Holden

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Test Bank For Parenting A Dynamic Perspective 2nd Edition By George W. Holden

1. Parenting __________ are variables and pressures that influence parenting behaviors.
*A. determinants
B. factors
C. restrictions
D. characteristics
Answer Location: Categories of Determinants, page 124
Cognitive Domain: Factual

2. Which of the following influences were NOT included in Belsky’s model of parenting behavior?
A. Child characteristics
B. Contextual sources of stress and social support
*C. Situational Influences
D. Parental psychological resources
Answer Location: A Mid-Level Model, page 124
Cognitive Domain: Factual

3. Belsky and his colleagues believed that __________ played the most important role in parenting behaviors.
A. the child’s characteristics
*B. a parent’s personality
C. the family’s social support
D. the parent’s multiple stressors
Answer Location: A Mid-Level Model, page 124
Cognitive Domain: Factual

4. Cross-cultural research with mothers and 5-month-old infants in the United States, France, and Japan revealed that Japanese mothers __________ more than the other mothers.
*A. encouraged social looking
B. punished social connectedness
C. ignored misbehaviors
D. acknowledged independence
Answer Location: Culture, page 127
Cognitive Domain: Factual

5. In Japan, socialization practices are designed to promote __________ and in the United States, __________ is encouraged at an early age.
A. independence, interdependence
B. interdependence, religiosity
*C. interdependence, independence
D. religiosity, independence
Answer Location: Culture, page 127
Cognitive Domain: Factual

6. Parents from lower-SES backgrounds are more likely to value obedience than middle-class parents who encourage self-direction. Melvin Kohn theorized that these differences were driven by the __________.
A. insecure parent-child attachment classifications
B. differences in religious beliefs that parents held
C. young age of many low SES parents
*D. characteristics valued in parent’s life situations
Answer Location: Socioeconomic Status, page 128
Cognitive Domain: Factual

7. Marianella is quick to punish her son if he does not comply with her requests. According to Kohn, Marianella’s strict requirement for obedience is likely related to her __________.
*A. SES
B. Religion
C. History
D. Ethnicity
Answer Location: Socioeconomic Status, page 128
Cognitive Domain: Applied

8. Obedience and the ability to “stick to the rules” are more likely to pay off in __________ occupations.
A. high salary, executive positions
*B. lower salary, manual labor jobs
C. mid-level salary, management positions
D. entry-level salary, professional positions
Answer Location: Socioeconomic Status, page 129
Cognitive Domain: Applied

9. Mindful parenting refers to the moment-to-moment, nonjudgmental awareness by which parents remain intentional in their child rearing and grounded in the present moment. From which of the following religions or philosophical traditions does “mindful” parenting originate?
A. Christianity
*B. Buddhism
C. Judaism
D. Confucianism
Answer Location: Religion, page 130
Cognitive Domain: Factual

10. A meta-analytic review of research across cultures and religious groups determined that religious people shared an appreciation of __________.
A. hedonism
B. thriftiness
*C. kindness
D. honesty
Answer Location: Religion, page 131
Cognitive Domain: Factual

11. Jason was raised in a religious family, but he quit attending services when he was a teenager. As a new father, he is likely to __________.
A. struggle to parent well because he has left the spiritual path
B. teach his child to be a spiritual, but not a religious person
C. follow his partner’s lead in terms of religious practice
*D. become involved in his religious practice once more
Answer Location: Religion, page 131
Cognitive Domain: Factual

12. In general, husbands of working wives are __________ single-earner fathers.
*A. more involved in child care activities than
B. less satisfied with their children’s behavior than
C. no more involved in household work than
D. as equally involved in household activities as
Answer Location: Parental Employment, page 133
Cognitive Domain: Factual

13. As of 2012, about __________ of mothers of small children in the United States worked outside the home.
A. 25%
B. 45%
*C. 65%
D. 85%
Answer Location: Parental Employment, page 132
Cognitive Domain: Factual

14. Greenberger and her colleagues found that mothers and fathers are equally committed to employers and also share similar levels of job satisfaction. In addition, the researchers found that __________.
A. mothers and fathers feel less stress when both work outside the home
*B. mothers feel more stress as they attempt to balance work and home commitments
C. fathers feel conflicted about being away from their children more than mothers do
D. mothers and fathers who work outside the home share household chores evenly
Answer Location: Parental Employment, page 133
Cognitive Domain: Factual

15. A set of processes that lead to aversive psychological and physiological reactions arising from the attempts to adapt to the demands of parenthood is labeled __________.
*A. parenting stress
B. adaptive demand
C. demand burden
D. caretaker duress
Answer Location: Stress, page 134
Cognitive Domain: Factual

16. As a single mother, Shannon typically deals with stressors and still manages to parent in an authoritative manner. After her car broke down, Shannon lost all patience with her son and yelled at him for a minor wrongdoing. In this case, the __________ likely influenced the negative shift in Shannon’s parenting behaviors.
A. ongoing pressure of being a single parent
B. individual characteristics of her son
*C. additive nature of stress
D. lack of social support
Answer Location: Stress
Pages 134, 135
Cognitive Domain: Applied

17. Jennifer is a single mom and a college student. A friend babysits Jennifer’s son so that she can attend classes before going to work. The babysitting is a form of __________ that likely helps Jennifer parent more effectively.
A. emotional support
*B. instrumental assistance
C. neighborhood aid
D. social scaffolding
Answer Location: Social Support, page 135
Cognitive Domain: Applied

18. Assistance from others, or social support, __________.
A. may undermine an individual’s sense of autonomy
B. is only effective when provided by a spouse or partner
C. is likely to encourage people to stay in poverty
*D. helps counteract the negative effects of stress
Answer Location: Social Support, page 135
Cognitive Domain: Factual

19. Living in a poor, inner-city neighborhood is associated with a wide range of negative outcomes for children. Parents who are successful in this context __________.
*A. are active and strategic in preventing problematic child outcomes
B. are fortunate to have children who are not affected by hardships
C. consistently resolve conflicts and solve problems successfully
D. benefit from unique prior learning which improved their parenting skills
Answer Location: Neighborhood, page 136
Cognitive Domain: Factual

20. Allejandro lives in an urban high rise apartment in a poverty-stricken neighborhood. His parents have taught him to distrust anyone who is not a family member and they have encouraged aggressive play and independence since he was very young. Which of the following statements best describes why Allejandro’s parents parented in this manner?
A. Allejandro’s parents failed to understand the importance of teaching their son to be kind and compassionate.
*B. These childrearing choices maximized the likelihood that Allejandro would survive in this “war zone” environment.
C. Allejandro’s mother, a take-charge individual, made these child rearing decisions to raise a son she could be proud of.
D. Sadly, Allejandro’s parents cared little about him and hoped for a time when their parenting responsibilities would be finished.
Answer Location: Neighborhood, page 135
Cognitive Domain: Applied