Test Bank For Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 5th Edition

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Test Bank For Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing 5th Edition

Chapter 07: Human Development Across the Life Span
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The nurse leading parent education classes bases instruction on Erikson’s developmental
stages. It follows that the nurse will plan to instruct the parents that a helpful strategy to
foster a child’s initiative would be to:
a. Offer several different options for dressing and encourage the child to select one of
them.
b. Allow the child to help wash the unbreakable dishes used to serve breakfast.
c. Provide one-on-one parent–child time each evening before bed.
d. Enroll the child in a weekend, age-appropriate sports program.
ANS: B
This strategy will allow the child to demonstrate initiative by washing dishes without
worrying about breakage. Making clothes selections is a strategy related to the development of
autonomy. Providing one-on-one time promotes trust. The age-appropriate sports program is
related to competence.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 117 TOP: Nursing Process:
Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2. Which of the following responses would the nurse expect from a 12-year-old regarding
stealing?
a. “You are never allowed to steal.”
b. “You go to jail if you steal someone else’s things.”
c. “My parents would punish me if I was caught stealing.”
d. “Stealing food when you don’t have anything to eat is alright.”
ANS: D
Before the ages of 10 or 11 years, children consider moral dilemmas differently from older
children. For younger children, rules are absolute and come from an authority figure. Older
children learn that rules are changeable in certain situations. According to Piaget, younger
children base moral judgment on consequences, whereas older children base judgment on
motives.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 121
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment

3. A nursing diagnosis of hopelessness would be considered for an individual who:
a. Was consistently overprotected by family members
b. Was raised by parents who were strict disciplinarians
c. Had inconsistent, unpredictable physical care as an infant
d. As a teenager always felt unaccepted by his social peers
ANS: C
A sense of hope is the outcome of Erikson’s stage of trust versus mistrust. Inconsistent,
unpredictable, and discontinuous care would lead to hopelessness and to a mistrust of self
and the world. No data are given to support any of the other diagnoses.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 117
TOP: Nursing Process: Nursing Diagnosis
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance, Psychosocial Integrity

4. An adolescent has been a consistently, poor academic student due to a learning disorder.
Which statement overheard by the nurse would support the possibility of a problem with
the developmental stage competence versus inferiority?
a. “It’s too hard to get good grades.”
b. “I’ll never be able to get into a good college.”
c. “My parents are disappointed that I do so poorly in school.”
d. “I don’t want people to know I can barely read or write.”
ANS: B
According to Erikson and the stage of competence versus inferiority, during school years (6
to 12 years of age), children gain new knowledge, learn new skills, and grow more
competent. If they lack success in learning or productivity, children may develop a sense of
inferiority. The other options reflect problems with autonomy and guilt.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 117
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance, Psychosocial Integrity

5. A parent is concerned with the interpersonal skills of her 12-year-old son. Based on
interpersonal theory, the nurse asks:
a. “Does your son belong to a team or club with friends or classmates?”
b. “Does he feel bad when he does something he knows he shouldn’t do?”
c. “How does he tend to act when he doesn’t get exactly what he wants?”
d. “How confident is he in situations that are generally unfamiliar for him?”
ANS: A
According to Sullivan, the expected development of the preadolescent permits him or her to
work with peers toward a common goal and to develop a sense of “oneness.” The development
of a social conscience is not related to interpersonal skill development. Coping with
frustration develops in late adolescence. Confidence is suggested as a developmental issue of
12- to 18-year-olds in Erikson’s model.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 118
TOP: Nursing Process: Outcome Identification
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

6. The parents of an 8-year-old are attempting to help their child comprehend new
information. Which intervention suggested by the nurse shows an understanding of the
cognitive development theory for this age group?
a. The use of drawing and illustrations
b. Comparing the child’s experiences to the new material
c. Encouraging the child to talk about this new information
d. Asking the child to give a reason for how they feel about new information
ANS: B
Comparing a known to an unknown will help this age group understand new information.
Drawings and illustrations as well as talking about new information are effective methods for
the younger child. Providing rationales is too advanced for this age group.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 119 TOP: Nursing Process:
Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

7. According to Piaget, which of the following would the nurse consider normal when
assessing a 6-year-old?
a. Playing with an “imaginary friend”
b. Talking about their “best friend”
c. Enjoying putting puzzles together
d. Knowing it is wrong to tell a lie
ANS: A
Preoperational stage (2-7 years) children begin to exhibit pretend play. The need to make
friends and the development of a conscious are observed in the concrete operations stage (7-
11 years). The ability to problem solve is seen in the formal operations stage (11-16 years).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 118
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

8. Which developmental level would be characterized by a child being able to focus, to
coordinate, and imagine a series of events?
a. Preoperational
b. Concrete operational
c. Formal operational
d. Post operational
ANS: B
In the concrete operational level, the child can focus coordinate, and imagine a series of
events. In the preoperational stage, the child is unable to relate two classifications at one time
and is present-oriented. At the formal operations level, the child can think abstractly and in
future orientation. Postoperational is not a stage of cognitive development.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 118
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

9. Which strategy will the nurse include in the plan of care for a 6-year-old child for whom
operant conditioning has been recommended?
a. Periodically asking the child to attempt to solve increasingly difficult puzzles
b. Consistently offering praise when the child puts his dirty clothes in the hamper
c. Expecting the child to rinse and to place his dirty dishes in the sink
d. Conditioning the child to expect punishment when he misbehaves
ANS: B
A 6-year-old can learn to comply with requests when adults reinforce compliance with
positive reinforcement. The remaining options do not reinforce compliance but rather state
expectations.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 120 TOP: Nursing Process:
Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance, Psychosocial Integrity

10. A child who has been physically abused becomes emotionally distorted when told that
the parent will no longer be allowed to visit. Which principle of social learning theory is
most likely for the child’s response?
a. The child views the abuse to be more desirable than the parent leaving.
b. The parent has fostered a fear in the child that increases when they are apart.
c. The child believes that he is responsible for the parent now being punished.
d. The parent has likely told the child that he deserved the abuse as a punishment.
ANS: A
Social theory states that reinforcement value is subjective and influenced by past
experiences. For most children, parental punishment is a negative outcome with low
reinforcement value. However, for some children who suffer from parental abuse, the abuse
has a high reinforcement value, because it is more desirable than abandonment. The
remaining options are not supported by the social theory.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Page 120
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance, Psychosocial Integrity