Theories of Personality 11th Edition by Duane P. Schultz – Test Bank

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Theories of Personality 11th Edition by Duane P. Schultz – Test Bank

Chapter 7—Gordon Allport: Motivation and Personality

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.The personality theorist who helped bring personality into the mainstream and made it an academically respectable topic is:

a.	Alfred Adler.	c.	Gordon Allport.
b.	Raymond Cattell.	d.	Erich Fromm.

ANS: C

PTS: 1

A-HEAD: Allport Brings Personality into the Classroom and the Psychology Lab

REF: 195

FEEDBACK: Gordon Allport made personality an academically respectable topic. Through his work, Allport served two purposes: He helped bring personality into the mainstream, and he formulated a theory of personality development in which traits play a prominent role.

2.With regard to historical determinism, Allport believed a person is:

a.	motivated by the power of the id.
b.	not in conscious control of the forces that motivate him or her.
c.	pathological by nature and genetics.
d.	not a prisoner of childhood conflicts and past experiences.

ANS: D

PTS: 1

A-HEAD: Allport Brings Personality into the Classroom and the Psychology Lab

REF: 196

FEEDBACK: With regard to historical determinism—the importance of the past in determining the present—Allport said that we are not prisoners of childhood conflicts and past experiences, as Freud believed. Instead, we are guided more by the present and by our view of the future.

3.On which of the following points did Allport disagree with Freud?

a.	The dominance of unconscious forces over personality
b.	The role of the past in controlling the present
c.	The continuum between normal and abnormal behavior
d.	All of these are correct.

ANS: D

PTS: 1

A-HEAD: Allport Brings Personality into the Classroom and the Psychology Lab

REF: 196

FEEDBACK: Allport challenged Freud’s psychoanalysis on several points. First, Allport did not accept the notion that unconscious forces dominate the personality of normal mature adults. Second, with regard to the importance of the past in determining the present, unlike Freud, Allport believed that we are not prisoners of childhood conflicts and past experiences. Third, Allport opposed collecting data from abnormal personalities. Whereas Freud saw a continuum between the normal and abnormal, Allport saw a clear distinction.

4.Allport believed that the best way to study personality was through:

a.	the life histories of disturbed people.
b.	comparisons of normal and neurotic adults.
c.	the analysis of data from normal and healthy adults.
d.	laboratory experiments on animals and humans.

ANS: C

PTS: 1

A-HEAD: Allport Brings Personality into the Classroom and the Psychology Lab

REF: 196

FEEDBACK: The only proper way to study personality, Allport believed, was to collect data from emotionally healthy adults. Other populations, such as neurotics, children, and animals, should not be compared with normal adults.

5.What did Allport believe was the biggest difference between normal and abnormal people?

a.	The abnormal personality functioned at an infantile level.
b.	The study of the abnormal person is more important.
c.	The unconscious is important only in the behavior of normal people.
d.	None of these are correct.

ANS: A

PTS: 1

A-HEAD: Allport Brings Personality into the Classroom and the Psychology Lab

REF: 196

FEEDBACK: Allport opposed collecting data from abnormal personalities. Whereas Freud saw a continuum between the normal and abnormal, Allport saw a clear distinction. To Allport, the abnormal personality functioned at an infantile level.

6.Which of the following was Allport’s argument against Freud’s psychoanalysis?

a.	People are generally unaware of the forces that motivate them.
b.	There exists a continuum between the normal and the abnormal.
c.	Functional similarities in personality exist between child and adult or animal and human.
d.	Neurotics, children, and animals, should not be compared with normal adults.

ANS: D

PTS: 1

A-HEAD: Allport Brings Personality into the Classroom and the Psychology Lab

REF: 196

FEEDBACK: Allport opposed collecting data from abnormal personalities. Whereas Freud saw a continuum between the normal and abnormal, Allport saw a clear distinction. The only proper way to study personality, he believed, was to collect data from emotionally healthy adults. Other populations, such as neurotics, children, and animals, should not be compared with normal adults.

7.Allport’s own childhood was characterized by:

a.	a doting mother.	c.	a punitive and demanding father.
b.	feelings of isolation.	d.	many playmates and friends.

ANS: B

PTS: 1

A-HEAD: The Life of Allport (1897–1967)

REF: 196

FEEDBACK: Too young to be a playmate to his older brothers, Allport was isolated from children outside the family as well. “I fashioned my own circle of activities,” he wrote later. “It was a select circle, for I never fitted the general boy assembly.”