21St Century Astronomy The Solar System Fifth Edition By Kay – Test Bank

Description

21St Century Astronomy The Solar System Fifth Edition By Kay – Test Bank

Chapter 4: Gravity and Orbits

Learning Objectives

Define the bold-faced vocabulary terms within the chapter.

Multiple Choice: 3, 4, 7, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 47

Short Answer: 4, 5

4.1 Gravity Is a Force Between Any Two Objects due to Their Masses

Differentiate gravity, mass, and weight.

Multiple Choice: 1, 2, 10, 12

Describe the behavior of the gravitational force using Newton’s universal law of gravitation.

Multiple Choice: 5, 6

Short Answer: 2

Use Newton’s universal law of gravitation to quantify the force of gravity between two objects in different physical situations.

Multiple Choice: 11, 13

Explain how gravitational force from a real object can be considered to come from that object’s center.

Multiple Choice: 8

Short Answer: 1, 3

4.2 An Orbit Is One Body “Falling around” Another

Illustrate that orbits are a perpetual state of free fall.

Multiple Choice: 23

Short Answer: 6

Relate an object’s speed to its orbital path.

Multiple Choice: 19, 20, 21, 22

Show how Kepler’s laws are consistent with Newton’s universal law of gravitation.

Multiple Choice: 24

4.3 Tidal Forces Are Caused by Gravity

Use Newton’s universal law of gravitation to explain why objects of real physical size experience tidal forces.

Multiple Choice: 25, 26

Short Answer: 7

Characterize how tidal forces from the Moon and Sun cause the rise and fall of Earth’s ocean tides.

Multiple Choice: 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37

Short Answer: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19

4.4 Tides Affect Solid Bodies

Explain how tidal forces cause orbital locks.

Multiple Choice: 39, 40, 46, 50, 52

Short Answer: 15

Describe how tidal forces change the orbital and rotational periods of objects.

Multiple Choice: 38, 41, 42, 43, 51

Short Answer: 18

Compare and contrast how tidal forces affect approaching objects of different sizes.

Multiple Choice: 44, 45, 48, 49

Short Answer: 16, 17

Working It Out 4.1

Use proportional reasoning with Newton’s universal law of gravitation to explore how changing input parameters effects the resulting force.

Multiple Choice: 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59

Short Answer: 20, 21, 22, 23

Calculate the gravitational acceleration on another planet or body.

Short Answer: 24, 25, 26

Working It Out 4.2

Calculate the circular and escape velocities from an object.

Multiple Choice: 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65

Short Answer: 27, 28

Working It Out 4.3

Calculate the mass of a central object using the orbital properties of a satellite.

Multiple Choice: 66, 67, 68, 69, 70

Short Answer: 29, 30

Working It Out 4.4

Compute the relative strength of tidal forces from different objects.

Multiple Choice: 71