Description
Test Bank For ORGB 2nd Edition By Debra Nelson
CHAPTER 6—LEARNING AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.In terms of the work environment, learning:
a. takes place through formal training programs
b. is primarily the cognitive activity of acquiring knowledge
c. is ad hoc and accidental
d. is a change in behavior acquired through experience and knowledge acquisition
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 87
OBJ: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP: Learning in Organizations MSC: K&C
2.The behaviorist approach to learning assumes observable behavior is a function of:
a. both the person and the environment
b. external cues
c. its consequences
d. the interaction between the affect and cognitive components of an individual
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 87
OBJ: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP: Learning in Organizations MSC: K&C
3.In the animal learning research of Pavlov, the sound of the bell was the:
a. conditioned response
b. unconditional stimulus
c. conditioned stimulus
d. consequence of the dog’s salvation
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: p. 87
OBJ: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP: Classical Conditioning MSC: analysis
4.Modifying behavior so that a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and elicits an unconditioned response defines:
a. operant conditioning
b. classical conditioning
c. reinforcement
d. learning
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 87
OBJ: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP: Classical Conditioning MSC: K&C
5.A person working at a computer terminal may get lower back tension as a result of poor posture. If the person becomes aware of that tension only when the manager enters the work area, then the person may develop lower back tension at the appearance of the manager. This scenario would be an example of:
a. operant conditioning
b. classical conditioning
c. paired reinforcement
d. behavior modification
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 87
OBJ:1NAT:AACSB Analytic | Motivation Concepts
TOP: Classical Conditioning MSC: appl.
6.Which of the following is NOT a limitation of classical conditioning?
a. Humans are more complex and less amenable to simple cause-and-effect conditioning.
b. Behavioral environments in organizations are complex and not very amenable to single stimulus-response manipulations.
c. Unconditioned responses and unconditioned stimulus have not been connected in humans.
d. Complex human decision making makes it possible to override simple conditioning.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 88
OBJ: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP: Classical Conditioning MSC: analysis
7.A form of operant conditioning that has been used successfully to shape organizational behavior is known as:
a. job enrichment
b. organization development
c. employee empowerment
d. organizational behavior modification
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 88
OBJ: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP: Operant Conditioning MSC: K&C
8.Operant conditioning is based on the notion that behavior is a function of:
a. seated beliefs
b. perception and thinking
c. unconscious drives
d. its consequences
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 88
OBJ: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP: Operant Conditioning MSC: K&C
9.Which of the following is a form of operant conditioning?
a. expectancy theory
b. the expectation-performance-reward-satisfaction chain
c. the attempt by a supervisor to satisfy higher order needs of employees through participation
d. organizational behavior modification
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 88
OBJ: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP: Operant Conditioning MSC: S&E
10.The process of modifying behavior through the use of positive or negative consequences following specific behaviors is called:
a. classical conditioning
b. Pavlovian conditioning
c. Skinners Integrated Model of conditioning
d. operant conditioning
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 88
OBJ: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP: Operant Conditioning MSC: K&C
11.Which of the following reinforcement consequences would have the most effect under OBM?
a. routine pay for performance
b. social recognition
c. performance feedback
d. money-based reinforcement
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 88
OBJ: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP: Operant Conditioning MSC: K&C
12.As a supervisor you decide to use positive reinforcement to increase the probability that desired job performance will be repeated. All of the following are appropriate as positive reinforcement except:
a. salary increase after evaluation
b. promotion after several outstanding performance reviews
c. releasing employee to go home early but providing full pay
d. no response or feedback when employee fails to complete task on time
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 88
OBJ:1NAT:AACSB Analytic | Motivation Concepts
TOP:The Strategies of Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction
MSC: appl.
13.Reinforcement and punishment are administered through:
a. extinction
b. positive or/and negative consequences
c. ignoring the behavior
d. withholding a positive consequence
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 88-89
OBJ: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP:The Strategies of Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction
MSC: K&C
14.All of the following are strategies used to influence the consequences of behavior except:
a. extinction
b. punishment
c. positive consequences
d. neutral consequences
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 88-90
OBJ: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP: Operant Conditioning MSC: K&C
15.A manager who reduces an employee’s pay if the employee comes to work late and refrains from doing so when the employee is on time has:
a. positively reinforced the employee’s on time behavior
b. negatively reinforced the employee’s on time behavior
c. utilized extinction to reduce the undesirable behavior
d. none of these
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 88
OBJ:1NAT:AACSB Analytic | Motivation Concepts
TOP:The Strategies of Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction
MSC: appl.
16.As an outcome for exceptional performance, Jeffery was provided the opportunity to make a highly visible presentation to the board of directors. However, Jeffery was extremely nervous and upset about the presentation. This consequence was viewed by Jeffery as:
a. negative
b. positive
c. extinction
d. punishment
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 88
OBJ:1NAT:AACSB Analytic | Motivation Concepts
TOP:The Strategies of Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction
MSC: appl.
17.The schedule of reinforcement that provides the least impact or incentive for performing well is known as:
a. fixed ratio
b. variable ratio
c. fixed interval
d. variable interval
ANS: C
See also Table 6.1.
PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: p. 89 OBJ: 1
NAT:AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP:The Strategies of Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction
MSC: K&C
18.A colleague does not respond to the sarcastic comments of a coworker but compliments the sarcastic colleague for constructive comments. Which of the following statements are true?
a. The colleague was using extinction and negative reinforcement.
b. The colleague was using positive and negative consequences.
c. The colleague used only positive consequences.
d. The colleague used extinction and positive reinforcement.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 90
OBJ:1NAT:AACSB Analytic | Motivation Concepts
TOP:The Strategies of Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction
MSC: appl.
19.A non-response approach that weakens a behavior is known as:
a. punishment
b. negative reinforcement
c. intermittent reinforcement
d. extinction
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 90
OBJ: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP:The Strategies of Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction
MSC: K&C
20.If a random number of responses must be emitted before reinforcement occurs, it is a:
a. fixed interval schedule
b. fixed ratio schedule
c. variable interval schedule
d. variable ratio schedule
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 90
OBJ: 1 NAT: AACSB Reflective Thinking | Motivation Concepts
TOP:The Strategies of Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction
MSC: K&C
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